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Official Description

Reconstruction for stabilization of unstable distal ulna or distal radioulnar joint, secondary by soft tissue stabilization (eg, tendon transfer, tendon graft or weave, or tenodesis) with or without open reduction of distal radioulnar joint

© Copyright 2025 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 25337 involves the reconstruction of the wrist to stabilize an unstable distal ulna or distal radioulnar joint. This instability may arise following previous surgical interventions aimed at repairing traumatic injuries or addressing degenerative conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or osteoarthritis. The reconstruction utilizes soft tissue stabilization techniques, which can include methods such as tendon transfer, tendon grafting, weaving, or tenodesis. These techniques are designed to restore stability to the wrist by reinforcing the affected joint structures. A common approach within this procedure is the flexor carpi ulnaris tenodesis, which involves specific surgical steps to manipulate the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon to enhance joint stability. The complexity of the procedure allows for variations based on the individual patient's needs and the specific anatomical considerations of the wrist. Overall, this reconstruction aims to alleviate pain and improve function by addressing the underlying instability of the distal ulna or radioulnar joint.

© Copyright 2025 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The reconstruction procedure described by CPT® Code 25337 is indicated for patients experiencing instability of the distal ulna or distal radioulnar joint. This instability may be a result of:

  • Traumatic Injury: Previous injuries to the wrist that have not healed properly or have resulted in ongoing instability.
  • Degenerative Conditions: Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or osteoarthritis that contribute to joint instability.
  • Previous Surgical Attempts: Patients who have undergone prior surgical procedures to repair the wrist but continue to experience instability.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 25337 involves several detailed steps aimed at reconstructing the wrist for stabilization:

  • Incision: An incision is made over the palmar aspect of the distal ulna to access the underlying structures.
  • Tendon Dissection: The flexor carpi ulnaris tendon is carefully dissected from the pisiform bone and freed from its soft tissue connections up to the musculotendinous junction.
  • Tendon Preparation: The tendon is split longitudinally, and one half is severed at the musculotendinous junction to prepare it for the reconstruction process.
  • Creating a Window: A surgical window is created deep to the ulnar artery and nerve, allowing for the harvested tendon strip to be passed through this opening.
  • Ulnar Head Excision: The ulnar head is excised to facilitate the reconstruction and improve joint stability.
  • Drill Hole Creation: An oblique drill hole is created on the dorsal aspect of the ulnar neck, which exits into the open medullary canal.
  • Tendon Passage: The tendon strip is passed through the open end of the medullary canal and out through the drill hole, positioning it for stabilization.
  • Interosseous Membrane Incision: A distal incision is made in the interosseous membrane, allowing the tendon strip to be passed through in a palmar direction.
  • Tendon Traction and Suturing: Traction is applied to the tendon strip while the forearm is supinated, and the tendon is sutured to the interosseous membrane to secure it in place.
  • Looping and Suturing: The tendon is looped around the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon and sutured to itself to prevent subluxation of the extensor carpi ulnaris over the resected ulna.
  • Alternative Techniques: Depending on the specific case, other techniques may be employed, such as releasing tendons from their insertion sites and transferring them to enhance stability, harvesting tendons from other sites for grafting, or utilizing different types of tenodesis to achieve optimal joint stability.
  • Radioulnar Joint Correction: If the radioulnar joint is malpositioned, the physician may perform additional procedures to restore it to its normal anatomical position.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the reconstruction for stabilization of the distal ulna or distal radioulnar joint typically involves monitoring for complications, managing pain, and initiating rehabilitation. Patients may be advised to keep the wrist immobilized for a specified period to allow for proper healing. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore range of motion and strength as recovery progresses. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess the stability of the joint and the success of the reconstruction, ensuring that the patient can return to normal activities safely.

Short Descr RECONSTRUCT ULNA/RADIOULNAR
Medium Descr RCNSTJ STABLJ DSTL U/DSTL JT 2 SOFT TISS STABLJ
Long Descr Reconstruction for stabilization of unstable distal ulna or distal radioulnar joint, secondary by soft tissue stabilization (eg, tendon transfer, tendon graft or weave, or tenodesis) with or without open reduction of distal radioulnar joint
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Device-intensive procedure added to ASC list in CY 2008 or later; paid at adjusted rate.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P3D - Major procedure, orthopedic - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 162 - Other OR therapeutic procedures on joints
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
F7 Right hand, third digit
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
1995-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1995.
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