CPT® Code 59030

1. Indications

Fetal blood sampling (FBS) is indicated in specific clinical scenarios where there is a concern for fetal distress. The following conditions may warrant the performance of this procedure:

• Fetal Distress The procedure is primarily performed to diagnose fetal distress, which may be indicated by abnormal fetal heart rate patterns or other signs of compromised fetal well-being.
• Assessment of Fetal Acidosis FBS can be utilized to evaluate the presence of fetal acidosis, which is a condition that can arise from inadequate oxygen supply to the fetus.
• Monitoring of Fetal Conditions The procedure may also be indicated for monitoring certain fetal conditions that require immediate assessment of the fetal blood composition.

2. Procedure

The procedure of fetal blood sampling involves several critical steps to ensure accurate results and the safety of both the mother and fetus. The following steps outline the process:

• Step 1: Visualization of the Fetal Scalp The first step in the procedure is the insertion of an amnioscope into the vagina to visualize the fetal scalp. This allows the physician to assess the position and condition of the fetus before proceeding with the blood sampling.
• Step 2: Cleaning the Fetal Scalp Once the fetal scalp is visualized, the physician cleans the area thoroughly. This step is crucial to reduce the risk of infection and ensure that the sampling is conducted in a sterile environment.
• Step 3: Making the Incision After cleaning, the physician makes a small incision in the fetal scalp. This incision is carefully controlled, penetrating no more than 2 mm into the scalp to minimize trauma to the fetus.
• Step 4: Blood Collection Following the incision, blood is collected from the fetal scalp using a microtube. This blood sample is essential for laboratory analysis to determine the fetal condition.
• Step 5: Monitoring the Incision Site Throughout the procedure, the physician closely observes the incision site for any signs of clotting and ensures that it is healing properly. This monitoring is vital to prevent complications and ensure the safety of the fetus.

3. Post-Procedure

After the fetal blood sampling procedure, careful monitoring of both the mother and fetus is essential. The physician will observe for any immediate complications that may arise from the procedure, such as bleeding or infection at the incision site. Additionally, the fetal heart rate may be monitored to ensure that the fetus remains stable following the procedure. The results of the blood sample will be analyzed to provide insights into the fetal condition, which may influence further management and care decisions. It is important for the healthcare team to communicate any findings to the mother and discuss potential next steps based on the results obtained from the fetal blood sampling.