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The CPT® Code 85305 refers to a laboratory test that measures the total levels of protein S, which is a vitamin K dependent glycoprotein found in the blood. This single chain protein exists in both free and bound forms within plasma. Protein S plays a crucial role in the coagulation process by acting as a non-enzyme cofactor for activated protein C (APC), which is essential for regulating blood clotting. A deficiency in protein S can lead to an increased risk of abnormal blood clotting, resulting in conditions such as recurrent venous thrombosis and embolism. This deficiency can be inherited as a rare genetic disorder or acquired due to various factors including liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), pregnancy, and inflammatory syndromes. Women with protein S deficiency face a heightened risk of fetal loss during pregnancy. The total protein S test is particularly useful for subtyping known deficiencies, as it can differentiate between Type I, Type II, and Type III deficiencies based on the levels of free and total protein S present. Prior to testing, patients are advised to avoid anticoagulants such as warfarin or coumadin for a period of two weeks to ensure accurate results. The test is performed on platelet-poor plasma obtained from a blood sample collected through venipuncture, and the analysis is conducted using a microlatex particle-mediated immunoassay method.
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Protein S Deficiency Diagnosis The total protein S test is indicated for the diagnosis of protein S deficiency, which can lead to increased blood clotting and associated complications.
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis This test is performed in patients who have experienced recurrent venous thrombosis to determine if a protein S deficiency is contributing to their condition.
Embolism Risk Assessment The test is also indicated for assessing the risk of embolism in patients with a history of clotting disorders.
Fetal Loss Evaluation Women who have experienced fetal loss may be tested for protein S deficiency to evaluate potential underlying causes related to coagulation issues.
Step 1: Patient Preparation Prior to the test, the patient must refrain from taking anticoagulants such as warfarin or coumadin for at least two weeks. This is crucial to ensure that the test results accurately reflect the levels of protein S without interference from anticoagulant medications.
Step 2: Blood Sample Collection A blood sample is obtained through a procedure known as venipuncture. This involves inserting a needle into a vein, typically in the arm, to draw blood. It is important that the blood collected is platelet-poor plasma to ensure the accuracy of the test results.
Step 3: Laboratory Testing The collected blood sample is then processed in the laboratory. The analysis is performed using a microlatex particle-mediated immunoassay, which allows for the measurement of total protein S levels in the plasma. This method is designed to provide precise quantification of the protein S present in the sample.
After the blood sample has been collected, there are generally no specific post-procedure care requirements for the patient. However, patients may be advised to monitor the venipuncture site for any signs of excessive bleeding or infection. Results from the total protein S test will typically be reviewed by the healthcare provider, who will discuss the findings and any necessary follow-up actions based on the results. It is important for patients to understand that the interpretation of the test results should be done in conjunction with their clinical history and other diagnostic findings.
| Short Descr | CLOT INHIBIT PROT S TOTAL | Medium Descr | CLOTTING INHIBITORS PROTEIN S TOTAL | Long Descr | Clotting inhibitors or anticoagulants; protein S, total | Status Code | Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies) | Global Days | XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply | PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) | 9 - Not Applicable | Multiple Procedures (51) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Bilateral Surgery (50) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Physician Supervisions | 09 - Concept does not apply. | Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Co-Surgeons (62) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Team Surgery (66) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Diagnostic Imaging Family | 99 - Concept Does Not Apply | CLIA Waived (QW) | No | APC Status Indicator | Conditionally packaged laboratory tests | Type of Service (TOS) | 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory | Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) | T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule) | MUE | 2 | CCS Clinical Classification | 233 - Laboratory - Chemistry and Hematology |
| 90 | Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number. | 59 | Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25. | 91 | Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient. | GA | Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case | GC | This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician | GW | Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition | GZ | Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary | Q1 | Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study | Q4 | Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption |
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| 2013-01-01 | Changed | Short Descriptor changed. |
| 1992-01-01 | Added | First appearance in code book in 1992. |
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