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Official Description

Assembly and operation of pump with oxygenator or heat exchanger (with or without ECG and/or pressure monitoring); 45 minutes

© Copyright 2025 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 99191 refers to the assembly and operation of a pump that is equipped with either an oxygenator or a heat exchanger. This procedure is typically performed by a physician and involves the setup and management of the pump system, which may include additional monitoring capabilities such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and pressure monitoring. The time allocated for this procedure is specifically 45 minutes. It is important to note that this code is applicable for each hour of assembly, allowing for accurate billing based on the duration of the procedure. For treatments that last three-quarters of an hour, this code is appropriate, while for those lasting half an hour, CPT® Code 99192 should be utilized. This distinction is crucial for proper coding and reimbursement in medical billing practices.

© Copyright 2025 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The indications for the use of CPT® Code 99191 include scenarios where a physician needs to assemble and operate a pump that incorporates an oxygenator or heat exchanger. This procedure is typically indicated in situations requiring enhanced oxygenation or temperature regulation of blood or other fluids during medical interventions. Specific conditions may include, but are not limited to, complex surgical procedures, cardiopulmonary bypass, or other critical care situations where precise management of blood flow and oxygenation is essential.

  • Complex Surgical Procedures Procedures that necessitate the use of a pump for blood oxygenation or temperature control.
  • Cardiopulmonary Bypass Situations where the heart-lung machine is required to maintain circulation and oxygenation during surgery.
  • Critical Care Situations Instances where patients require intensive monitoring and management of their cardiovascular status.

2. Procedure

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 99191 involves several critical steps to ensure the safe and effective operation of the pump system. Each step is essential for the successful assembly and operation of the equipment.

  • Step 1: Preparation of Equipment The physician begins by gathering all necessary components, including the pump, oxygenator, heat exchanger, and monitoring devices. This preparation is crucial to ensure that all equipment is functioning properly and is sterile before use.
  • Step 2: Assembly of the Pump System The physician carefully assembles the pump system, connecting the oxygenator or heat exchanger as required. This step involves ensuring that all connections are secure and that the system is ready for operation.
  • Step 3: Monitoring Setup If applicable, the physician sets up the ECG and pressure monitoring systems. This includes attaching electrodes and pressure sensors to the patient to provide real-time data during the procedure.
  • Step 4: Operation of the Pump Once the system is assembled and monitoring is in place, the physician operates the pump, adjusting settings as necessary to maintain optimal blood flow and oxygenation levels. Continuous monitoring of the patient’s vital signs is performed throughout this step.
  • Step 5: Documentation Finally, the physician documents the procedure, including the duration of the pump operation, any adjustments made, and the patient’s response to the treatment. This documentation is essential for billing and compliance purposes.

3. Post-Procedure

After the assembly and operation of the pump with an oxygenator or heat exchanger, the physician will monitor the patient for any immediate post-procedural complications. This may include assessing the patient's vital signs, ensuring stable hemodynamics, and observing for any adverse reactions to the procedure. The physician may also provide instructions for follow-up care and any necessary monitoring that should occur after the procedure. The expected recovery time will vary based on the patient's condition and the complexity of the procedure performed, but close observation is typically required in the immediate aftermath to ensure patient safety and efficacy of the treatment.

Short Descr SPECIAL PUMP SERVICES
Medium Descr ASSEMBLY&OPERJ PUMP OXYGENATOR/HEAT EXCH 45 MI
Long Descr Assembly and operation of pump with oxygenator or heat exchanger (with or without ECG and/or pressure monitoring); 45 minutes
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 1 - Medical Care
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P6C - Minor procedures - other (Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 237 - Ancillary Services
25 Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional on the same day of the procedure or other service: it may be necessary to indicate that on the day a procedure or service identified by a cpt code was performed, the patient's condition required a significant, separately identifiable e/m service above and beyond the other service provided or beyond the usual preoperative and postoperative care associated with the procedure that was performed. a significant, separately identifiable e/m service is defined or substantiated by documentation that satisfies the relevant criteria for the respective e/m service to be reported (see evaluation and management services guidelines for instructions on determining level of e/m service). the e/m service may be prompted by the symptom or condition for which the procedure and/or service was provided. as such, different diagnoses are not required for reporting of the e/m services on the same date. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 25 to the appropriate level of e/m service. note: this modifier is not used to report an e/m service that resulted in a decision to perform surgery. see modifier 57 for significant, separately identifiable non-e/m services, see modifier 59.
FS Split (or shared) evaluation and management visit
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
Date
Action
Notes
2013-01-01 Changed Medium Descriptor changed.
2007-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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