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Official Description

Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement; trapezium

© Copyright 2025 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement of the trapezium bone is a surgical procedure aimed at addressing severe damage or degeneration of the trapezium, one of the carpal bones located at the base of the thumb. This procedure involves the removal of the damaged trapezium and its replacement with a prosthetic component, which is designed to restore function and alleviate pain in the wrist and thumb area. The surgery is typically indicated for patients suffering from conditions such as osteoarthritis, trauma, or other degenerative diseases that compromise the integrity of the trapezium. The operation is performed through a midline incision on the posterior aspect of the wrist, allowing for direct access to the radiocarpal joint. During the procedure, careful attention is given to protect the surrounding nerves and tendons, ensuring minimal disruption to the wrist's anatomy. The use of a trial prosthesis allows the surgeon to assess the fit and function before finalizing the placement of the permanent prosthetic components. This meticulous approach aims to achieve optimal alignment and stability, ultimately enhancing the patient's range of motion and quality of life post-surgery.

© Copyright 2025 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement of the trapezium is indicated for various conditions that lead to significant pain and dysfunction in the wrist and thumb. The following are the explicitly provided indications for this procedure:

  • Osteoarthritis - A degenerative joint disease that causes the cartilage in the trapezium to wear down, leading to pain and reduced mobility.
  • Trauma - Injuries to the trapezium bone that result in fractures or severe damage, necessitating surgical intervention for repair and restoration of function.
  • Degenerative diseases - Conditions that progressively affect the trapezium and surrounding structures, resulting in chronic pain and impaired hand function.

2. Procedure

The procedure for arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement of the trapezium involves several critical steps, each designed to ensure the successful replacement of the damaged bone. The following procedural steps are outlined:

  • Step 1: Incision - A midline incision is made over the posterior aspect of the wrist, extending from the distal aspect of the forearm to the proximal aspect of the metacarpal. This incision provides access to the radiocarpal joint.
  • Step 2: Exposure of the Joint - The retinaculum is released, starting from the ulnar border and extending to the radial border, allowing for adequate exposure of the joint. Care is taken to protect the radial and ulnar nerves using vessel loops during this process.
  • Step 3: Elevation of the Joint Capsule - The dorsal aspect of the joint capsule is elevated as a single layer, facilitating access to the trapezium bone.
  • Step 4: Resection of the Damaged Bone - The damaged trapezium is resected using an oscillating saw, ensuring complete removal of the compromised bone.
  • Step 5: Trial Component Placement - A trial carpal component is secured to the affected area to evaluate the fit and function. Adjustments are made as necessary to ensure optimal alignment.
  • Step 6: Final Prosthetic Placement - Once the trial component is deemed satisfactory, the final prosthetic components are tamped into place, ensuring stability and proper positioning.
  • Step 7: Stabilization - Sutures are placed through the triangular fibrocartilage to stabilize the prosthetic component, securing it in its intended position.
  • Step 8: Closure of the Joint Capsule - The dorsal aspect of the joint capsule is returned to its normal position over the wrist joint and repaired with sutures to restore anatomical integrity.
  • Step 9: Repair of Soft Tissues - The retinaculum is repaired, followed by the layered closure of the overlying soft tissues and skin, ensuring proper healing and minimizing scarring.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement of the trapezium involves monitoring for complications and ensuring proper recovery. Patients are typically advised to follow a rehabilitation program that may include physical therapy to regain strength and mobility in the wrist and thumb. Pain management strategies are implemented to address any discomfort during the recovery phase. It is essential for patients to adhere to follow-up appointments to assess the healing process and the functionality of the prosthetic component. Additional considerations may include activity modifications to protect the surgical site and prevent undue stress on the newly placed prosthesis.

Short Descr ARTHRP W/PROSTC TRAPEZIUM
Medium Descr ARTHROPLASTY W/PROSTHETIC REPLACEMENT TRAPEZIUM
Long Descr Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement; trapezium
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Device-intensive procedure added to ASC list in CY 2008 or later; paid at adjusted rate.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P3D - Major procedure, orthopedic - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 154 - Arthroplasty other than hip or knee
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
55 Postoperative management only: when 1 physician or other qualified health care professional performed the postoperative management and another performed the surgical procedure, the postoperative component may be identified by adding modifier 55 to the usual procedure number.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
F5 Right hand, thumb
FA Left hand, thumb
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
TA Left foot, great toe
Date
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2025-01-01 Changed Short Description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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