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Official Description

Urethroplasty, reconstruction of female urethra

© Copyright 2025 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Urethroplasty, specifically the reconstruction of the female urethra, is a surgical procedure aimed at repairing defects or injuries to the urethra in females. This procedure is essential for restoring normal urinary function and addressing issues such as urethral stricture or trauma. The surgery typically involves the use of various techniques, each tailored to the specific needs of the patient and the nature of the urethral defect. A Foley catheter is commonly utilized to facilitate access to the urethra during the procedure, and in some cases, a suprapubic catheter may also be inserted to manage urinary drainage. The surgical approach often includes making an inverted U-shaped incision on the anterior wall of the vagina to expose the urethral defect. The reconstruction may involve the use of a Martius flap, which incorporates labial tissue and fat to support the urethral repair. In instances where there is insufficient tissue available, a technique that allows for the rotation of a flap may be employed to create a tubular neourethra. Additionally, a less common method may involve the use of a buccal mucosal graft, which provides an alternative source of tissue for reconstruction. Overall, urethroplasty is a complex procedure that requires careful planning and execution to ensure optimal outcomes for patients suffering from urethral conditions.

© Copyright 2025 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure of urethroplasty is indicated for various conditions affecting the female urethra, including:

  • Urethral Stricture - A narrowing of the urethra that can lead to urinary obstruction and difficulty in urination.
  • Urethral Trauma - Injury to the urethra resulting from accidents, surgical procedures, or other forms of trauma.
  • Congenital Anomalies - Birth defects that affect the structure and function of the urethra.
  • Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections - Frequent infections that may be associated with anatomical abnormalities of the urethra.

2. Procedure

The urethroplasty procedure involves several detailed steps to ensure effective reconstruction of the female urethra:

  • Step 1: Catheter Insertion - A Foley catheter is inserted transurethrally to facilitate access to the urethra. In some cases, a suprapubic catheter may also be placed to manage urinary drainage during the procedure.
  • Step 2: Incision and Flap Creation - An inverted U-shaped incision is made on the anterior wall of the vagina to expose the urethral defect. An incision is then made over one of the labia to create a flap that includes the labial fat pad, which will be used in the repair.
  • Step 3: Urethral Repair with Martius Flap - The urethra is repaired using a Martius flap, which consists of the labial flap and the fat pad. This flap is sutured under the urethral repair to provide necessary support.
  • Step 4: Alternative Flap Technique - If there is limited periurethral or vaginal tissue, a technique that allows for the rotation of the flap may be employed. A U-shaped anterior vaginal incision is made, and the flap is mobilized from the vaginal wall, rotated distally, and sutured as a dorsal onlay flap to create a tubular neourethra over the Foley catheter.
  • Step 5: Closure of Harvest Site - The vaginal wall harvest site is closed with sutures, ensuring proper healing and support.
  • Step 6: Layered Closure of Vaginal Mucosa - In both procedures, drains may be placed as necessary, and the vaginal mucosa is closed in layers using absorbable sutures to promote healing.
  • Step 7: Buccal Mucosal Graft Technique (if applicable) - In a less frequently used technique, a dorsal approach is taken with a buccal mucosal graft. A U-shaped incision exposes the dorsal area of the urethral meatus, and the vulvar mucosa is dissected to develop a plane between the urethra and the cavernous tissue of the clitoris. The anterior portion of the urethral sphincter is identified and moved upward, and an incision is made lengthwise in the urethra. The prepared buccal mucosal graft is then sutured to the right and left sides of the urethral opening, reinforcing the dorsal urethra and forming the new urethral roof. The graft tissue is tailored to create a normal meatal opening, and the vulvar incision is closed with absorbable sutures.
  • Step 8: Catheter Maintenance - The Foley catheter remains in place throughout the recovery period to ensure proper urinary drainage.

3. Post-Procedure

After the urethroplasty procedure, patients are typically monitored for any complications and to ensure proper healing. Post-procedure care may include managing the Foley catheter, monitoring for signs of infection, and ensuring that the surgical site is healing appropriately. Patients may be advised on activity restrictions and follow-up appointments to assess recovery progress. The use of absorbable sutures helps minimize the need for suture removal, and drains, if placed, will be monitored and removed as necessary. Overall, the recovery process is crucial for achieving the best outcomes from the urethroplasty procedure.

Short Descr RECONSTRUCTION OF URETHRA
Medium Descr URETHROPLASTY RCNSTJ FEMALE URETHRA
Long Descr Urethroplasty, reconstruction of female urethra
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P5E - Ambulatory procedures - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 109 - Procedures on the urethra
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
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