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Molecular pathology procedures are specialized tests conducted at the molecular level to diagnose, treat, and provide prognostic indicators for various genetic disorders, cancers, infectious diseases, and to assess tissue histocompatibility in transplant procedures. These procedures are categorized into different levels based on their complexity, which reflects the amount of professional work and laboratory costs involved in performing them. Specifically, Level 7 molecular pathology tests, as denoted by CPT® Code 81406, involve the analysis of 11 to 25 exons through methods such as DNA sequence analysis, mutation scanning, or duplication/deletion variants of 26 to 50 exons. Additionally, cytogenomic array analysis for neoplasia falls under this level of complexity. The process begins with a thorough review of the patient's medical history, clinical findings, and results from other diagnostic tests and procedures by a molecular pathologist. Following this assessment, the Level 7 test is performed, which may include a variety of specific tests identified under this code. It is important to note that molecular pathology procedures not explicitly listed but requiring similar levels of expertise, work, and laboratory costs, and utilizing comparable techniques, should also be reported using CPT® Code 81406. After the test is completed, the molecular pathologist interprets the results and compiles a detailed written report outlining the findings, which is essential for guiding further clinical decisions.
© Copyright 2025 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.
The indications for performing molecular pathology procedures under CPT® Code 81406 include the following conditions and genetic disorders:
The procedure for molecular pathology testing under CPT® Code 81406 involves several key steps that ensure accurate analysis and interpretation of genetic material. The following outlines the procedural steps:
After the molecular pathology procedure is completed, the patient may receive follow-up care based on the results of the test. The molecular pathologist will provide a comprehensive report detailing the findings, which may include information on identified genetic mutations, their potential clinical significance, and recommendations for further evaluation or management. Patients may be referred to genetic counseling services to discuss the implications of the results, especially if a hereditary condition is identified. Additionally, healthcare providers may use the results to guide treatment decisions, monitor disease progression, or inform family members about potential genetic risks. It is essential for patients to understand the results and their implications, and appropriate follow-up care should be arranged to address any concerns or questions that may arise.
Short Descr | MOPATH PROCEDURE LEVEL 7 | Medium Descr | MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY PROCEDURE LEVEL 7 | Long Descr | Molecular pathology procedure, Level 7 (eg, analysis of 11-25 exons by DNA sequence analysis, mutation scanning or duplication/deletion variants of 26-50 exons) ACADVL (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain) (eg, very long chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency), full gene sequence ACTN4 (actinin, alpha 4) (eg, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis), full gene sequence AFG3L2 (AFG3 ATPase family gene 3-like 2 [S. cerevisiae]) (eg, spinocerebellar ataxia), full gene sequence AIRE (autoimmune regulator) (eg, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1), full gene sequence ALDH7A1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1) (eg, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy), full gene sequence ANO5 (anoctamin 5) (eg, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy), full gene sequence ANOS1 (anosmin-1) (eg, Kallmann syndrome 1), full gene sequence APP (amyloid beta [A4] precursor protein) (eg, Alzheimer disease), full gene sequence ASS1 (argininosuccinate synthase 1) (eg, citrullinemia type I), full gene sequence ATL1 (atlastin GTPase 1) (eg, spastic paraplegia), full gene sequence ATP1A2 (ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 polypeptide) (eg, familial hemiplegic migraine), full gene sequence ATP7B (ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide) (eg, Wilson disease), full gene sequence BBS1 (Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1) (eg, Bardet-Biedl syndrome), full gene sequence BBS2 (Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2) (eg, Bardet-Biedl syndrome), full gene sequence BCKDHB (branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, beta polypeptide) (eg, maple syrup urine disease, type 1B), full gene sequence BEST1 (bestrophin 1) (eg, vitelliform macular dystrophy), full gene sequence BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II [serine/threonine kinase]) (eg, heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension), full gene sequence BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) (eg, Noonan syndrome), full gene sequence BSCL2 (Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 [seipin]) (eg, Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy), full gene sequence BTK (Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase) (eg, X-linked agammaglobulinemia), full gene sequence CACNB2 (calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 2 subunit) (eg, Brugada syndrome), full gene sequence CAPN3 (calpain 3) (eg, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy [LGMD] type 2A, calpainopathy), full gene sequence CBS (cystathionine-beta-synthase) (eg, homocystinuria, cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency), full gene sequence CDH1 (cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin [epithelial]) (eg, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer), full gene sequence CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) (eg, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy), full gene sequence CLCN1 (chloride channel 1, skeletal muscle) (eg, myotonia congenita), full gene sequence CLCNKB (chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb) (eg, Bartter syndrome 3 and 4b), full gene sequence CNTNAP2 (contactin-associated protein-like 2) (eg, Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome 1), full gene sequence COL6A2 (collagen, type VI, alpha 2) (eg, collagen type VI-related disorders), duplication/deletion analysis CPT1A (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A [liver]) (eg, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A [CPT1A] deficiency), full gene sequence CRB1 (crumbs homolog 1 [Drosophila]) (eg, Leber congenital amaurosis), full gene sequence CREBBP (CREB binding protein) (eg, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome), duplication/deletion analysis DBT (dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2) (eg, maple syrup urine disease, type 2), full gene sequence DLAT (dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase) (eg, pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency), full gene sequence DLD (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (eg, maple syrup urine disease, type III), full gene sequence DSC2 (desmocollin) (eg, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy 11), full gene sequence DSG2 (desmoglein 2) (eg, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy 10), full gene sequence DSP (desmoplakin) (eg, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy 8), full gene sequence EFHC1 (EF-hand domain [C-terminal] containing 1) (eg, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy), full gene sequence EIF2B3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 3 gamma, 58kDa) (eg, leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter), full gene sequence EIF2B4 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 4 delta, 67kDa) (eg, leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter), full gene sequence EIF2B5 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 5 epsilon, 82kDa) (eg, childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white matter), full gene sequence ENG (endoglin) (eg, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, type 1), full gene sequence EYA1 (eyes absent homolog 1 [Drosophila]) (eg, branchio-oto-renal [BOR] spectrum disorders), full gene sequence F8 (coagulation factor VIII) (eg, hemophilia A), duplication/deletion analysis FAH (fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase [fumarylacetoacetase]) (eg, tyrosinemia, type 1), full gene sequence FASTKD2 (FAST kinase domains 2) (eg, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV deficiency), full gene sequence FIG4 (FIG4 homolog, SAC1 lipid phosphatase domain containing [S. cerevisiae]) (eg, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease), full gene sequence FTSJ1 (FtsJ RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase 1) (eg, X-linked intellectual disability 9), full gene sequence FUS (fused in sarcoma) (eg, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), full gene sequence GAA (glucosidase, alpha; acid) (eg, glycogen storage disease type II [Pompe disease]), full gene sequence GALC (galactosylceramidase) (eg, Krabbe disease), full gene sequence GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) (eg, galactosemia), full gene sequence GARS (glycyl-tRNA synthetase) (eg, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease), full gene sequence GCDH (glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase) (eg, glutaricacidemia type 1), full gene sequence GCK (glucokinase [hexokinase 4]) (eg, maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]), full gene sequence GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) (eg, familial hyperinsulinism), full gene sequence GNE (glucosamine [UDP-N-acetyl]-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase) (eg, inclusion body myopathy 2 [IBM2], Nonaka myopathy), full gene sequence GRN (granulin) (eg, frontotemporal dementia), full gene sequence HADHA (hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase [trifunctional protein] alpha subunit) (eg, long chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency), full gene sequence HADHB (hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase [trifunctional protein], beta subunit) (eg, trifunctional protein deficiency), full gene sequence HEXA (hexosaminidase A, alpha polypeptide) (eg, Tay-Sachs disease), full gene sequence HLCS (HLCS holocarboxylase synthetase) (eg, holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency), full gene sequence HMBS (hydroxymethylbilane synthase) (eg, acute intermittent porphyria), full gene sequence HNF4A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha) (eg, maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]), full gene sequence IDUA (iduronidase, alpha-L-) (eg, mucopolysaccharidosis type I), full gene sequence INF2 (inverted formin, FH2 and WH2 domain containing) (eg, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis), full gene sequence IVD (isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase) (eg, isovaleric acidemia), full gene sequence JAG1 (jagged 1) (eg, Alagille syndrome), duplication/deletion analysis JUP (junction plakoglobin) (eg, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy 11), full gene sequence KCNH2 (potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H [eag-related], member 2) (eg, short QT syndrome, long QT syndrome), full gene sequence KCNQ1 (potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1) (eg, short QT syndrome, long QT syndrome), full gene sequence KCNQ2 (potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 2) (eg, epileptic encephalopathy), full gene sequence LDB3 (LIM domain binding 3) (eg, familial dilated cardiomyopathy, myofibrillar myopathy), full gene sequence LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor) (eg, familial hypercholesterolemia), full gene sequence LEPR (leptin receptor) (eg, obesity with hypogonadism), full gene sequence LHCGR (luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor) (eg, precocious male puberty), full gene sequence LMNA (lamin A/C) (eg, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy [EDMD1, 2 and 3] limb-girdle muscular dystrophy [LGMD] type 1B, dilated cardiomyopathy [CMD1A], familial partial lipodystrophy [FPLD2]), full gene sequence LRP5 (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5) (eg, osteopetrosis), full gene sequence MAP2K1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) (eg, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome), full gene sequence MAP2K2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 2) (eg, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome), full gene sequence MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) (eg, frontotemporal dementia), full gene sequence MCCC1 (methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 1 [alpha]) (eg, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency), full gene sequence MCCC2 (methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 [beta]) (eg, 3-methylcrotonyl carboxylase deficiency), full gene sequence MFN2 (mitofusin 2) (eg, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease), full gene sequence MTM1 (myotubularin 1) (eg, X-linked centronuclear myopathy), full gene sequence MUT (methylmalonyl CoA mutase) (eg, methylmalonic acidemia), full gene sequence MUTYH (mutY homolog [E. coli]) (eg, MYH-associated polyposis), full gene sequence NDUFS1 (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] Fe-S protein 1, 75kDa [NADH-coenzyme Q reductase]) (eg, Leigh syndrome, mitochondrial complex I deficiency), full gene sequence NF2 (neurofibromin 2 [merlin]) (eg, neurofibromatosis, type 2), full gene sequence NOTCH3 (notch 3) (eg, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy [CADASIL]), targeted sequence analysis (eg, exons 1-23) NPC1 (Niemann-Pick disease, type C1) (eg, Niemann-Pick disease), full gene sequence NPHP1 (nephronophthisis 1 [juvenile]) (eg, Joubert syndrome), full gene sequence NSD1 (nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1) (eg, Sotos syndrome), full gene sequence OPA1 (optic atrophy 1) (eg, optic atrophy), duplication/deletion analysis OPTN (optineurin) (eg, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), full gene sequence PAFAH1B1 (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b, regulatory subunit 1 [45kDa]) (eg, lissencephaly, Miller-Dieker syndrome), full gene sequence PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase) (eg, phenylketonuria), full gene sequence PARK2 (Parkinson protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase [parkin]) (eg, Parkinson disease), full gene sequence PAX2 (paired box 2) (eg, renal coloboma syndrome), full gene sequence PC (pyruvate carboxylase) (eg, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency), full gene sequence PCCA (propionyl CoA carboxylase, alpha polypeptide) (eg, propionic acidemia, type 1), full gene sequence PCCB (propionyl CoA carboxylase, beta polypeptide) (eg, propionic acidemia), full gene sequence PCDH15 (protocadherin-related 15) (eg, Usher syndrome type 1F), duplication/deletion analysis PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) (eg, familial hypercholesterolemia), full gene sequence PDHA1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide] alpha 1) (eg, lactic acidosis), full gene sequence PDHX (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, component X) (eg, lactic acidosis), full gene sequence PHEX (phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked) (eg, hypophosphatemic rickets), full gene sequence PKD2 (polycystic kidney disease 2 [autosomal dominant]) (eg, polycystic kidney disease), full gene sequence PKP2 (plakophilin 2) (eg, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy 9), full gene sequence PNKD (paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia) (eg, paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia), full gene sequence POLG (polymerase [DNA directed], gamma) (eg, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome, autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia), full gene sequence POMGNT1 (protein O-linked mannose beta1,2-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase) (eg, muscle-eye-brain disease, Walker-Warburg syndrome), full gene sequence POMT1 (protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1) (eg, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy [LGMD] type 2K, Walker-Warburg syndrome), full gene sequence POMT2 (protein-O-mannosyltransferase 2) (eg, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy [LGMD] type 2N, Walker-Warburg syndrome), full gene sequence PPOX (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) (eg, variegate porphyria), full gene sequence PRKAG2 (protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit) (eg, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, lethal congenital glycogen storage disease of heart), full gene sequence PRKCG (protein kinase C, gamma) (eg, spinocerebellar ataxia), full gene sequence PSEN2 (presenilin 2 [Alzheimer disease 4]) (eg, Alzheimer disease), full gene sequence PTPN11 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11) (eg, Noonan syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome), full gene sequence PYGM (phosphorylase, glycogen, muscle) (eg, glycogen storage disease type V, McArdle disease), full gene sequence RAF1 (v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1) (eg, LEOPARD syndrome), full gene sequence RET (ret proto-oncogene) (eg, Hirschsprung disease), full gene sequence RPE65 (retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65kDa) (eg, retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis), full gene sequence RYR1 (ryanodine receptor 1, skeletal) (eg, malignant hyperthermia), targeted sequence analysis of exons with functionally-confirmed mutations SCN4A (sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, alpha subunit) (eg, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis), full gene sequence SCNN1A (sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha) (eg, pseudohypoaldosteronism), full gene sequence SCNN1B (sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1, beta) (eg, Liddle syndrome, pseudohypoaldosteronism), full gene sequence SCNN1G (sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1, gamma) (eg, Liddle syndrome, pseudohypoaldosteronism), full gene sequence SDHA (succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein [Fp]) (eg, Leigh syndrome, mitochondrial complex II deficiency), full gene sequence SETX (senataxin) (eg, ataxia), full gene sequence SGCE (sarcoglycan, epsilon) (eg, myoclonic dystonia), full gene sequence SH3TC2 (SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats 2) (eg, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease), full gene sequence SLC9A6 (solute carrier family 9 [sodium/hydrogen exchanger], member 6) (eg, Christianson syndrome), full gene sequence SLC26A4 (solute carrier family 26, member 4) (eg, Pendred syndrome), full gene sequence SLC37A4 (solute carrier family 37 [glucose-6-phosphate transporter], member 4) (eg, glycogen storage disease type Ib), full gene sequence SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4) (eg, hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome, juvenile polyposis), full gene sequence SOS1 (son of sevenless homolog 1) (eg, Noonan syndrome, gingival fibromatosis), full gene sequence SPAST (spastin) (eg, spastic paraplegia), full gene sequence SPG7 (spastic paraplegia 7 [pure and complicated autosomal recessive]) (eg, spastic paraplegia), full gene sequence STXBP1 (syntaxin-binding protein 1) (eg, epileptic encephalopathy), full gene sequence TAZ (tafazzin) (eg, methylglutaconic aciduria type 2, Barth syndrome), full gene sequence TCF4 (transcription factor 4) (eg, Pitt-Hopkins syndrome), full gene sequence TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) (eg, Segawa syndrome), full gene sequence TMEM43 (transmembrane protein 43) (eg, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy), full gene sequence TNNT2 (troponin T, type 2 [cardiac]) (eg, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), full gene sequence TRPC6 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6) (eg, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis), full gene sequence TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis 1) (eg, tuberous sclerosis), full gene sequence TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis 2) (eg, tuberous sclerosis), duplication/deletion analysis UBE3A (ubiquitin protein ligase E3A) (eg, Angelman syndrome), full gene sequence UMOD (uromodulin) (eg, glomerulocystic kidney disease with hyperuricemia and isosthenuria), full gene sequence VWF (von Willebrand factor) (von Willebrand disease type 2A), extended targeted sequence analysis (eg, exons 11-16, 24-26, 51, 52) WAS (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome [eczema-thrombocytopenia]) (eg, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome), full gene sequence | Status Code | Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies) | Global Days | XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply | PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) | 9 - Not Applicable | Multiple Procedures (51) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Bilateral Surgery (50) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Physician Supervisions | 09 - Concept does not apply. | Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Co-Surgeons (62) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Team Surgery (66) | 9 - Concept does not apply. | Diagnostic Imaging Family | 99 - Concept Does Not Apply | CLIA Waived (QW) | No | APC Status Indicator | Service Paid under Fee Schedule or Payment System other than OPPS | Type of Service (TOS) | 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory | Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) | T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule) | MUE | 2 | CCS Clinical Classification | 234 - Pathology |
GZ | Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary | 90 | Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number. | XS | Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure | GA | Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case | 59 | Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25. | 91 | Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient. | GW | Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition | GY | Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit | XU | Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service |
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2024-01-01 | Changed | Long Description changed. |
2020-01-01 | Changed | Code description changed. |
2018-01-01 | Changed | Long description changed. |
2017-07-01 | Changed | Code description changed. |
2017-01-01 | Changed | Long description changed. |
2016-01-01 | Changed | Description Changed |
2015-01-01 | Changed | Code description changed. |
2014-01-01 | Changed | Description Changed |
2013-01-01 | Changed | Description Changed |
2012-01-01 | Added | Added |
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