CPT® Code 94011

1. Indications

The procedure coded under CPT® 94011 is indicated for the assessment of lung function in infants and children through the age of two. This may include the evaluation of respiratory conditions such as:

• Asthma A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing.
• Bronchiolitis An infection of the small airways in the lung, commonly seen in infants and young children, which can cause wheezing and difficulty breathing.
• Cystic Fibrosis A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, leading to severe respiratory and digestive problems.
• Chronic Lung Disease Conditions that result in long-term breathing problems, often seen in premature infants.

2. Procedure

The procedure for measuring spirometric forced expiratory flows in infants or children through the age of two involves several key steps:

• Step 1: Preparation Prior to the test, the infant or child is administered a medication to induce sleep. This is crucial as it allows for a more accurate measurement of lung function without the interference of movement or distress.
• Step 2: Placement Once the patient is asleep, they are placed in a chest compression jacket. This jacket is designed to assist in the measurement of forced expiratory flow by providing controlled compression around the chest.
• Step 3: Spirometry Setup A spirometry device, which includes a mouthpiece and tubing connected to a recording machine, is prepared for use. The mouthpiece is fitted to ensure a proper seal, allowing for accurate airflow measurements.
• Step 4: Measurement The test begins with air being forced into the lungs, expanding them to maximum capacity. The infant or child then performs forced maneuvers to expel the air, aided by the automatic inflation of the jacket and chest compression. This process allows for the measurement of forced expiratory flow (FEF) as the air is expelled from the lungs.
• Step 5: Data Collection The spirometer records the FEF data, which is then displayed on a graph. This graphical representation provides a visual summary of the lung function test results.
• Step 6: Interpretation After the test is completed, the physician reviews the results and interprets them, compiling a written report that outlines the findings and any necessary recommendations.

3. Post-Procedure

After the spirometric measurement is completed, the infant or child is monitored until they wake up from the sedation. It is important to ensure that the patient is stable and recovering appropriately. The physician will review the test results, which are typically displayed in a graphical format, and provide a written report detailing the findings. If the test is performed again after the administration of a bronchodilator, the results will be compared to assess the effectiveness of the medication on lung function. Follow-up care may include further evaluation or treatment based on the results of the spirometry test.