CPT® Code 94012

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 94012 is indicated for the assessment of lung function in infants and children through the age of two years. The specific indications for performing this spirometric measurement include:

• Respiratory Distress Evaluation of infants or children presenting with symptoms of respiratory distress, which may indicate underlying pulmonary conditions.
• Asthma Diagnosis Assessment of potential asthma in young patients, particularly when symptoms such as wheezing or difficulty breathing are observed.
• Response to Bronchodilator Therapy Monitoring the effectiveness of bronchodilator medications in improving airflow and lung function in pediatric patients.
• Chronic Lung Conditions Evaluation of chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, to determine the impact on respiratory function.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 94012 involves several critical steps to ensure accurate measurement of forced expiratory flows. The steps are as follows:

• Step 1: Preparation The infant or child is prepared for the procedure, which may include the administration of a sedative medication to induce sleep. This step is crucial as it allows for a more accurate and stress-free measurement of lung function.
• Step 2: Placement in Chest Compression Jacket Once the patient is asleep, they are placed in a chest compression jacket. This jacket is designed to assist in the measurement process by providing controlled compression to the chest, facilitating the forced expiratory maneuvers required for the test.
• Step 3: Spirometry Measurement A spirometry device, which consists of a mouthpiece and connected tubing, is used to measure the forced expiratory flows. The infant or child is instructed to perform forced maneuvers to expel air from the lungs, which is recorded by the spirometer. The device captures the airflow data as the air is expelled, allowing for precise measurement of FEF.
• Step 4: Administration of Bronchodilator After the initial spirometry measurement, a bronchodilator medication is administered to the patient. This medication is intended to relax and open the airways, potentially improving airflow.
• Step 5: Repeat Spirometry Measurement Following the administration of the bronchodilator, the spirometry test is repeated to assess any changes in forced expiratory flows. This comparison provides valuable information regarding the effectiveness of the bronchodilator therapy.
• Step 6: Data Interpretation The results of the spirometry tests, both before and after bronchodilator administration, are displayed graphically. The physician reviews these results and interprets the data, compiling a comprehensive written report that outlines the findings and any necessary recommendations for further management.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the spirometry procedure, the infant or child is monitored to ensure a safe recovery from the effects of the sedative medication, if used. Parents or guardians are typically provided with instructions regarding any necessary follow-up care or observations to watch for after the procedure. The physician will review the results of the spirometry tests and discuss the findings with the family, including any implications for ongoing treatment or management of respiratory conditions. It is essential to ensure that the patient is stable and comfortable before discharge, and any concerns raised during the procedure should be addressed appropriately.