CPT® Code 77079 | Case2Code

Official Description

Computed tomography, bone mineral density study, 1 or more sites; appendicular skeleton (peripheral) (eg, radius, wrist, heel)

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 77079 refers to a computed tomography (CT) procedure specifically designed for conducting a bone mineral density study at one or more sites within the appendicular skeleton, which includes peripheral areas such as the radius, wrist, and heel. This procedure is also known as quantitative computed tomography (QCT) densitometry. The primary purpose of measuring bone mass or bone mineral density (BMD) is to assist in diagnosing bone diseases, evaluating the progression of these diseases, and monitoring treatment outcomes, particularly in patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition that significantly increases the risk of fractures due to decreased bone density. The CT technology utilized in this procedure employs multiple narrow x-ray beams that rotate around a single axis, capturing a series of two-dimensional images from various angles. These images are then digitally reconstructed by a computer to create a three-dimensional representation of the bone structure, allowing for the production of thin, cross-sectional images or slices. QCT is recognized for its enhanced accuracy, being 2-3 times more precise than traditional bone dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. This increased accuracy is attributed to the three-dimensional nature of QCT, which enables a more accurate calculation of bone density by measuring mass relative to volume. In contrast, DXA measures BMD based on the attenuation of x-rays by the bone divided by the area of the scanned site, lacking a depth component in its calculations. For studies involving the axial skeleton, such as the pelvis, hips, or spine, the appropriate code to use is 77078, while 77079 is specifically designated for the appendicular or peripheral skeleton.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 77079 is indicated for the following conditions:

Diagnosis of Bone Disease - This procedure is performed to identify the presence of bone diseases, particularly osteoporosis, which can lead to increased fracture risk.
Evaluation of Bone Disease Progression - It is utilized to assess how a bone disease is progressing over time, allowing for adjustments in treatment plans as necessary.
Monitoring Treatment Outcomes - The procedure is also indicated for monitoring the effectiveness of treatments aimed at improving bone density and overall bone health.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 77079 involves several key steps that ensure accurate measurement of bone mineral density:

Patient Preparation - The patient is positioned appropriately to ensure that the area of interest, such as the radius, wrist, or heel, is correctly aligned with the CT scanner. Proper positioning is crucial for obtaining high-quality images.
CT Scanning - The CT scanner utilizes multiple narrow x-ray beams that rotate around the targeted area. This rotation captures a series of two-dimensional images from various angles, which are essential for creating a comprehensive view of the bone structure.
Image Reconstruction - The captured images are processed by a computer, which digitally reconstructs the data into a three-dimensional image. This advanced imaging technique allows for the production of thin, cross-sectional slices of the bone, providing detailed insights into bone density.
Data Analysis - The resulting three-dimensional images are analyzed to calculate the bone mineral density. This analysis is more accurate than traditional methods due to the three-dimensional nature of the data, allowing for a true measurement of bone density based on mass divided by volume.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the bone mineral density study using CPT® Code 77079, patients may be advised to resume normal activities unless otherwise directed by their healthcare provider. The results of the CT scan will be interpreted by a qualified radiologist or physician, who will provide a report detailing the findings. This report is essential for guiding further clinical decisions, including potential treatment options or additional diagnostic evaluations. Patients may be scheduled for follow-up appointments to discuss the results and any necessary next steps in their care plan.

Short Descr	CT BONE DENSITY PERIPHERAL
Medium Descr	CT BONE MINERAL DENSITY STUDY 1+ SITS APPND
Long Descr	Computed tomography, bone mineral density study, 1 or more sites; appendicular skeleton (peripheral) (eg, radius, wrist, heel)
Status Code	Active Code
Global Days	XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC)	1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51)	0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50)	0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions	09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82)	0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62)	0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66)	0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family	99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator	Discontinued Code
Type of Service (TOS)	4 - Diagnostic Radiology
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS)	none
MUE	Not applicable/unspecified.
CCS Clinical Classification	180 - Other CT scan