CPT® Code 77082 | Case2Code

Code deleted, see 77086

Official Description

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone density study, 1 or more sites; vertebral fracture assessment

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 77082 refers to a specific type of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) procedure, which is a diagnostic imaging technique used to assess bone density. This procedure is particularly focused on evaluating the vertebral column for potential fractures. DXA is a non-invasive method that measures bone mass or bone mineral density (BMD), which is crucial for diagnosing various bone diseases, monitoring their progression, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, especially in conditions like osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased bone density, leading to an increased risk of fractures. The DXA scan is notable for its low radiation exposure, approximately one-thirtieth of that of a standard chest X-ray, making it a safe option for patients. During the DXA procedure, two X-ray beams with different energy levels are directed at the bones in alternating pulses. The absorption of these beams by the bone is measured, while the absorption by soft tissues is subtracted out to isolate the bone density measurement. The results are then compared to a reference standard based on the average bone density of a healthy same-sex individual at the age of 30, which is when peak bone mass is typically achieved. The difference between the patient's BMD and this standard is expressed as a T score, which helps in diagnosing conditions such as osteopenia and osteoporosis. Specifically, a T score between -1.0 and -2.4 indicates osteopenia, while a T score of -2.5 or lower signifies osteoporosis. The use of CPT® Code 77082 is specifically designated for DXA studies that assess one or more sites of the spine, with a focus on identifying vertebral fractures.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 77082 is indicated for the assessment of bone density in patients who may be at risk for vertebral fractures. The following conditions and symptoms may warrant the use of this DXA procedure:

Osteoporosis - A condition characterized by weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures.
Osteopenia - A precursor to osteoporosis, where bone density is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis.
History of fractures - Patients with a history of fractures, particularly in the vertebrae, may require assessment to evaluate bone health.
Risk factors for bone loss - Individuals with risk factors such as advanced age, family history of osteoporosis, or long-term use of corticosteroids may be evaluated.

2. Procedure

The DXA procedure for CPT® Code 77082 involves several key steps to ensure accurate measurement of bone density at the vertebral sites. The following procedural steps are typically followed:

Patient Preparation - The patient is positioned comfortably on the DXA scanning table, ensuring that the spine is properly aligned for accurate imaging. The technician may instruct the patient to remain still during the scan to avoid motion artifacts.
Scanning Process - The DXA machine emits two X-ray beams of differing energy levels directed at the vertebrae. These beams penetrate the body, and the amount of X-ray energy absorbed by the bone is measured. The soft tissue absorption is subtracted from the total absorption to isolate the bone density measurement.
Data Analysis - The data collected during the scan is processed by the DXA machine, which calculates the bone mineral density (BMD) based on the absorption of the X-ray beams. The results are then compared to a reference standard for a healthy same-sex individual at age 30.
Result Interpretation - The output includes a T score, which indicates how the patient's BMD compares to the average peak bone density. This score is crucial for diagnosing conditions such as osteopenia or osteoporosis.

3. Post-Procedure

After the DXA scan associated with CPT® Code 77082, patients typically do not require any special post-procedure care. The procedure is non-invasive and involves minimal discomfort. Patients can resume their normal activities immediately following the scan. The results are usually reviewed by a healthcare provider, who will discuss the findings with the patient and recommend any necessary follow-up actions or treatments based on the T score and overall assessment of bone health. It is important for patients to maintain regular follow-up appointments to monitor their bone density, especially if they are at risk for osteoporosis or have a history of fractures.

Short Descr	DXA BONE DENSITY VERT FX
Medium Descr	DXA BONE DENSITY STUDY VERTEBRAL FRACTURE
Long Descr	Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone density study, 1 or more sites; vertebral fracture assessment
Status Code	Active Code
Global Days	XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC)	1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51)	0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50)	0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions	9 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82)	0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62)	0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66)	0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family	99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator	Ancillary Services
Type of Service (TOS)	4 - Diagnostic Radiology
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS)	I4B - Imaging/procedure - other
MUE	Not applicable/unspecified.
CCS Clinical Classification	226 - Other diagnostic radiology and related techniques