CPT® Code 77083 | Case2Code

Official Description

Radiographic absorptiometry (eg, photodensitometry, radiogrammetry), 1 or more sites

Common Language Description

Radiographic absorptiometry, also known as photodensitometry, is a diagnostic imaging technique utilized to assess bone density at one or more anatomical sites. This procedure is essential for measuring bone mass or bone mineral density (BMD), which plays a critical role in diagnosing various bone diseases, evaluating the progression of these diseases, and monitoring treatment outcomes, particularly in conditions such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased bone density, which significantly increases the risk of fractures. The technique employs high-energy photon beams rather than traditional x-rays to measure bone density. The measurement process involves calculating the extent to which radiation emitted from a radioactive isotope is absorbed by the surrounding tissue. Single photon absorptiometry is one variant of this technique, which utilizes a scintillation detector to image the bone by scanning the transmission of photons from radioactive iodine, typically in a water bath. This method is limited to assessing the appendicular skeleton, including bones such as the radius or calcaneus. During the procedure, the hand or foot is immobilized in a water-filled balloon for several minutes, which helps to standardize the thickness of soft tissue and provides a consistent path length for the photons. A computer then processes the data to calculate the distribution or content of bone minerals, providing a comprehensive measure of both cortical and trabecular bone. Another method, dual photon absorptiometry, incorporates a second photon beam of a different energy level to account for soft tissue variations, thus eliminating the need for a water bath. This advancement allows for the measurement of denser areas such as the spine and hips, often utilizing radioactive gadolinium for the scans. Additionally, radiogrammetry is a simpler technique that quantitatively measures cortical bone thickness using conventional radiographs, typically of the second metacarpal. However, this method is less precise and sensitive, as it may only detect significant bone loss after more than 30% of the bone has been compromised. Photodensitometry also employs x-ray technology to capture radiographic images, subsequently comparing the optical density of cortical bone against a known standard or reference wedge to determine bone density accurately.

1. Indications

The procedure of radiographic absorptiometry is indicated for several specific clinical scenarios, particularly related to bone health and disease management. The following conditions and situations warrant the use of this diagnostic imaging technique:

Diagnosis of Bone Disease - Radiographic absorptiometry is utilized to diagnose various bone diseases, including osteoporosis, which is characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk.
Evaluation of Bone Disease Progression - This procedure helps in assessing the progression of existing bone diseases, allowing healthcare providers to monitor changes in bone density over time.
Monitoring Treatment Outcomes - Radiographic absorptiometry is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment regimens aimed at improving bone density, particularly in patients undergoing therapy for osteoporosis or other bone-related conditions.

2. Procedure

The procedure for radiographic absorptiometry involves several key steps that ensure accurate measurement of bone density. Each step is critical to obtaining reliable results:

Preparation of the Patient - The patient is positioned comfortably, and the specific site for measurement is identified. For single photon absorptiometry, the hand or foot is often immobilized in a water-filled balloon to standardize the thickness of soft tissue, which is crucial for accurate photon transmission.
Application of the Photon Beam - A high-energy photon beam is directed towards the bone at the selected site. In single photon absorptiometry, this involves the use of radioactive iodine, while dual photon absorptiometry employs a second photon beam of different energy to enhance measurement accuracy.
Data Acquisition - As the photon beam passes through the tissue, a scintillation detector captures the transmitted photons. The degree of radiation absorption is measured, which correlates with the density of the bone being examined.
Data Processing - A computer processes the collected data to calculate the bone mineral distribution or content. This analysis provides a combined measure of both cortical and trabecular bone, offering insights into the patient's bone health.
Interpretation of Results - The results are then interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional, who will assess the bone density measurements in the context of the patient's clinical history and any relevant symptoms.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the radiographic absorptiometry procedure, there are typically no specific post-procedure care requirements, as the procedure is non-invasive and does not involve significant recovery time. Patients may resume their normal activities immediately following the test. However, it is essential for healthcare providers to discuss the results with the patient during a follow-up appointment. This discussion should include an interpretation of the bone density measurements, potential implications for bone health, and any necessary next steps in terms of treatment or further diagnostic evaluations. Additionally, patients may be advised on lifestyle modifications or treatments to improve bone density based on the findings of the procedure.

Short Descr	RADIOGRAPHIC ABSORPTIOMETRY
Medium Descr	RADIOGRAPHIC ABSORPTIOMETRY 1+ SITS
Long Descr	Radiographic absorptiometry (eg, photodensitometry, radiogrammetry), 1 or more sites
Status Code	Active Code
Global Days	XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC)	1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51)	0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50)	0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions	09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82)	0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62)	0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66)	0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family	99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator	Discontinued Code
Type of Service (TOS)	4 - Diagnostic Radiology
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS)	none
MUE	Not applicable/unspecified.
CCS Clinical Classification	226 - Other diagnostic radiology and related techniques