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Official Description

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with esophagogastric fundoplasty, partial or complete, includes duodenoscopy when performed

© Copyright 2025 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral, with esophagogastric fundoplasty, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to reconstruct a defective gastroesophageal valve. This procedure is particularly relevant for patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which may be exacerbated by the presence of a hiatal hernia. The technique involves the use of a specialized endoscope that is inserted through the mouth and navigated down the esophagus into the stomach. This endoscope is equipped with various tools, including an invaginator, tissue mold, chassis, helical retractor, stylet, and fasteners, which facilitate the reconstruction of the gastroesophageal junction. During the procedure, the stomach is inflated to allow for better visualization and manipulation of the tissues. The invaginator plays a crucial role in retracting the surrounding tissue, which aids in reducing any hernia present and ensures the proper positioning of the fundoplication. The procedure culminates in the creation of a tight, omega-shaped valve that effectively prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, thereby alleviating symptoms associated with GERD. Additionally, the procedure may include an examination of the duodenum to assess any further gastrointestinal issues. The careful inspection of the surgical site for bleeding before the removal of the endoscope is a critical step in ensuring patient safety and procedural success.

© Copyright 2025 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The esophagogastroduodenoscopy with esophagogastric fundoplasty is indicated for the following conditions:

  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - A chronic condition characterized by the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation.
  • Hiatal Hernia - A condition where part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, which can exacerbate GERD symptoms.
  • Defective Gastroesophageal Valve - A malfunctioning valve that fails to prevent the reflux of gastric contents, necessitating surgical intervention to restore function.

2. Procedure

The procedure involves several key steps that are meticulously followed to ensure successful outcomes:

  • Step 1: Insertion of the Endoscope - A flexible endoscope is inserted transorally and navigated down the esophagus into the stomach. This allows the physician to visualize the gastroesophageal junction and assess the condition of the surrounding tissues.
  • Step 2: Inflation of the Stomach - The stomach is inflated to enhance visibility and create space for the surgical instruments. This inflation is crucial for the subsequent steps of the procedure.
  • Step 3: Retroflexion of the Endoscope - The endoscope is retroflexed to provide a clear view of the gastroesophageal junction, allowing for precise manipulation of the tissues.
  • Step 4: Tissue Retraction with Invaginator - The invaginator is deployed to provide circumferential tissue retraction, which helps in reducing any hernia present and facilitates the proper positioning of the fundoplication.
  • Step 5: Advancement of Tissue Mold and Chassis - The tissue mold and chassis are advanced to rotate the fundus around the esophagus, creating a fold that compresses the esophageal and gastric tissues together along the lesser curvature of the stomach.
  • Step 6: Deployment of Helical Retractor - The helical retractor is advanced out of the tissue mold, and fasteners are deployed to secure the full thickness serosa tissue above and below the diaphragm at the gastroesophageal junction.
  • Step 7: Creation of Omega-Shaped Valve - The helical retractor is secured back into the tissue mold, and the device is rotated to the opposing side at the greater curvature of the stomach. The steps are repeated to create a tight omega-shaped valve that effectively prevents reflux.
  • Step 8: Endoscopic Examination of the Duodenum - If indicated, an endoscopic examination of the duodenum may be performed to assess for any additional gastrointestinal issues.
  • Step 9: Inspection and Removal of the Endoscope - After the surgical site has been carefully inspected for any evidence of bleeding, the endoscope is removed, concluding the procedure.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care involves monitoring the patient for any immediate complications, such as bleeding or infection. Patients may be advised to follow a specific diet and gradually reintroduce solid foods as tolerated. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess the effectiveness of the fundoplasty and to monitor for any recurrence of symptoms associated with GERD. Additionally, patients should be educated on signs of complications that may require prompt medical attention.

Short Descr EGD ESOPHAGOGASTRC FNDOPLSTY
Medium Descr EGD PARTIAL/COMPL ESOPHAGOGASTRIC FUNDOPLASTY
Long Descr Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with esophagogastric fundoplasty, partial or complete, includes duodenoscopy when performed
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 3 - Special payment adjustment rules for multiple endoscopic procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Endoscopic Base Code 43235  Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Device-intensive procedure added to ASC list in CY 2008 or later; paid at adjusted rate.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P8B - Endoscopy - upper gastrointestinal
MUE 1
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
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2016-01-01 Added Added
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